BB0031 - Management development

Feb drive 2011

Bachelor of Business Administration-BBA Semester 6

BB0031 - Management development  Set 2

Marks 30 (2 CREDITS )

Q.1 Write a detailed note on scientific management.

Ans : According to writer, “the term 'scientific management characterises that form of organisation and procedure in purposive collective which rests on Principles of laws derived by the process of scientific investigation and analysis, instead of on tradition or on policies determined empirically and casually by the process of trial and error”. It is therefore a body of rules together with their appropriate expression in physical administrative mechanisms and specialised executives, to be operated in co-ordination as a system for the achievement of a new strictness in the control and process of production. He noticed that there were much disorder and wastage of human as well as other resources at work place. The managers and staffs had no concept about systematic and efficient performance of task. And all were following traditional ways of doing work. So he tried to remove these problems through the development of new concept. Thus the scientific management concept was developed.

Scientific management is the application of efficiency methods of business organisations by taking into view the complete round of activities, observing and recording results with the object of fixing upon a “standard bet” at each stage; then making the results known as widely as possible so that each may know what is on record, and so that every worker's skill, experience, and observation may be available for his fellow-workers and the hole business; and also by adopting the educational methods and ideals. Scientific management is based on the analysis, planning and control functions. And job accomplished by analyzing, and works can selected and trained scientifically. In this, management role is to determine the kind of work for which an employee suited and hire and assign workers accordingly. Management is not responsible for execution of work but they are responsible for how the work is done. Co-operation between management and workers can enhance the work and achieve the maximum output.

Principles of scientific Management:

Under scientific management, Taylor developed the following parameters for organization.

a. Scientific work study

b. Task planning

c. Tools and materials

d. Selection and Training

e. Standardization

f. Worker management interrelationships

g. Differential piece wage system

Objective of Scientific Management:

1.Scientific utilization of various resources like human power, material etc.

2.To provide trained and efficient work force.

3.To provide standardize methods of work.

4.To provide a scientific base for selecting material, and equipment.

5.To provide extra wages to the worker for higher production.

6.Replace old rule of thumbs to new scientific methods.

7.To develop a good rapport between management and workers.

8.To achieve higher production, with reduce costs and maximum efficiency.

9.Less wastage.

Q.2 Define staffing and explain features of staffing.

Ans : Staffing :

As a management function, staffing, or human resource management, is the one that deals with the acquiring, training, appraising and compensation the staff that work for a business. Effective staffing management is crucial to the success of a business. Without the right staff, a business or organization may be unable to deal with any changes or anything new in an efficient and successful manner. Within staffing there are three main principles that should be adhered to in order to run a smooth and cooperative business. These principles are that all managers are human resource management, employees are very important and that human resource management is a matching process.

Features of Staffing:

1)Staffing is a function of management.

2)It is an integral part of the management process.

3)Staffing function is related to employment of personnel of all types - managerial as well as operative in the organization.

4)Staffing includes a variety of activities through which the organization tries to ensure that various positions remain filled by the most suitable personnel.

5)Staffing function is performed by every manager in the organization like other managerial functions, viz., planning, organizing, directing, and controlling, though they receive considerable staff assistance in performing staffing function.

6)It is a continuous and never ending function. Manager of human resources department have to fulfill the staffing needs of an organization not only at the time of its inception but at all times. In addition, it has to hire, train and develop the staff which is an ongoing process.

7)It is a pervasive function. In large organizations, there is generally a separate human resources department. The manager of human resources is responsible for the recruitment, selection, training and appraisal of his subordinates.

8)Staffing is a difficult function since it deals with the needs of human beings. Individuals are not having mere factors of production but they have their own needs, emotions and aspirations.

9)The main aim of staffing is to ensure optimum utilization of resources as well as to provide personal and social welfare satisfaction to employees.

10) Staffing is an integral part of the management process and also it is the responsibility of every manager. In the large or big organisation staffing function is performed by the separate personnel department. It is the duty of every manager to perform the staffing activities such as selection, training, performance appraisal, and remuneration of the employees.

11) Staffing function is continuously performed in the established as well as in the new organisation.

12) The purpose of staffing is to ensure that the right number and the right type of the people are working on the right jobs at the right time and right place. Its objective is to ensure optimum and efficient manpower in the enterprise.

Q.3 What is Co- ordinations and what are the objectives of co ordination?

Ans : Co- ordination :

Co-ordination means to integrate (bring together) all the activities of an organisation. It is done for achieving the goals of the organisation. There must be proper co-ordination throughout the organisation.The synchronization and integration of activities, responsibilities, and command and control structures to ensure that the resources of an organization are used most efficiently in pursuit of the specified objectives. Along with organizing, monitoring, and controlling, coordinating is one of the key functions of management.

1. Coordination encourages team spirit:

There exist many conflicts and rivalries between individuals, departments, between a line and staff, etc. Similarly, conflicts are also between individual objectives and organisational objectives. Coordination arranges the work and the objectives in such a way that there are minimum conflicts and rivalries. It encourages the employees to work as a team and achieve the common objectives of the organisation. This increases the team spirit of the employees.

2. Coordination gives proper direction:

There are many departments in the organisation. Each department performs different activities. Coordination integrates (bring together) these activities for achieving the common goals or objectives of the organisation. Thus, coordination gives proper direction to all the departments of the organisation.

3. Coordination facilitates motivation:

Coordination gives complete freedom to the employees. It encourages the employees to show initiative. It also gives them many financial and non-financial incentives. Therefore, the employees get job satisfaction, and they are motivated to perform better.

4. Coordination makes optimum utilisation of resources:

Coordination helps to bring together the human and materials resources of the organisation. It helps to make optimum utilisation of resources. These resources are used to achieve the objectives of the organisation. Coordination also minimise the wastage of resources in the organisation.

5. Coordination helps to achieve objectives quickly:

Coordination helps to minimise the conflicts, rivalries, wastages, delays and other organisational problems. It ensures smooth working of the organisation. Therefore, with the help of coordination an organisation can achieve its objectives easily and quickly.

6. Coordination improves relations in the organization:

The Top Level Managers co-ordinates the activities of the Middle Level Managers and develops good relations with them. Similarly, the Middle Level Managers co-ordinates the activities of the Lower Level Managers and develops good relations with them. Also, the Lower Level Managers co-ordinates the activities of the workers and develops good relations with them. Thus, coordination overall improves the relations in the organisation.

7. Coordination leads to higher efficiency:

Efficiency is the relationship between Returns and Cost. There will be higher efficiency when the returns are more and the cost is less. Since coordination leads to optimum utilisation of resources it results in more returns and low cost. Thus, coordination leads to higher efficiency.

8. Coordination improves goodwill of the organization:

Coordination helps an organisation to sell high quality goods and services at lower prices. This improves the goodwill of the organisation and helps it earn a good name and image in the market and corporate world.