BT0068, Computer Organization and Architecture

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Assignment

DRIVE	SPRING 2015
PROGRAM	BSc IT
SEMESTER	2
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	BT0068, Computer Organization and Architecture
BK ID	B0952
CREDIT & MARKS	4 CREDITS & 60 MARKS

Note: Answer all questions. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.

1 Explain various units of a digital computer with the help of a diagram.

Answer: A computer can process data, pictures, sound and graphics. They can solve highly complicated problems quickly and accurately. A computer as shown in Fig.  performs basically five major computer operations or functions irrespective of their size and make. These are

1) it accepts data or instructions by way of input,

2) it stores data,

2.  What do you mean by bus in computer system? Explain the bus structure.

Answer: A bus is a collection of wires that connect several devices within a computer system. When a word of data is transferred between units, all its bits are transferred in parallel. A computer must have some lines for addressing and control purposes.

Three main groupings of lines:

3. Explain the simple instruction format with diagram and examples.

Answer: Computer instructions are the basic components of a machine language program. They are also known as macrooperations, since each one is comprised of a sequences of microoperations.

Each instruction initiates a sequence of microoperations that fetch operands from registers or memory, possibly perform arithmetic, logic, or shift operations, and store results in registers or memory.

Instructions are encoded as binary instruction codes. Each

4. Explain memory interleaving with the help of a diagram.

Answer: In computers, interleaving is a method of writing and reading data out of sequence. Data interleaving is used to combine multiple digital data streams, like in files that contain both audio and video. This technique is also used for memory interleave in disk storage and computer memory, used to make data read and write more quickly. A de-interleaver uses mapping to decipher the interleaved data; it is more or less a diagram of the interleaved pattern

5. Explain interrupt and interrupt driven I/O.

Answer: An interrupt is a signal from a device attached to a computer or from a program within the computer that causes the main program that operates the computer (the operating system ) to stop and figure out what to do next. Almost all personal (or larger) computers today are interrupt-driven - that is, they start down the list of computer instruction s in one program (perhaps an application such as a word processor) and keep running the instructions until either (A) they can't go any further or (B) an interrupt signal is sensed. After the interrupt signal is sensed, the computer either resumes running the program it was running or begins running another program.

6. Explain DMA controller with the help of diagram.

Answer: The controller for a device employing DMA must have the capability of generating address signals for the memory, as well as all of the memory control signals. The processor informs the DMA controller that data is available (or is to be placed into) a block of memory locations starting at a certain address in memory. The controller is also informed of the length of the data block.

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