MS-05 Management of Machines and Materials

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ASSIGNMENT

Course Code                                                      :                               MS-05
Course Title                                                       :               Management of Machines and Materials
Assignment Code                                            :                               MS-05/TMA/SEM-II/2015
Coverage                                                             :                               All Blocks



Note: Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment on or before 31st October, 2015 to the coordinator of your study centre.

Q. 1. Why is it more difficult to increase productivity of a service system as compared to a production system? Elaborate by giving suitable examples.

Answer:Productivity is an overall measure of the ability to produce a good or service. More specifically, productivity is the measure of how specified resources are managed to accomplish timely objectives as stated in terms of quantity and quality. Productivity may also be defined as an index that measures output (goods and services) relative to the input (labor, materials, energy, etc., used to produce the output). As such, it can be expressed as:

Hence, there are two major ways to increase productivity: increase the numerator (output) or decrease the denominator (input). Of course, a





Q. 2. What is the importance of materials handling in designing a layout? How will you go about selecting the materials handling system?

Answer:There is a close relationship between plant layout and material handling. The material handling technique to be used definitely effects the plant layout and the factory building. A sound low cost method can be designed and installed only if material handling is considered an integral part of plant layout.

A well considered arrangement of production






Q. 3. It is usually presumed that ‘resistance to change is a characteristic attributed to people’. What would be your personal reactions, if some work design analyst came to your work station to conduct a study of your work?

Answer:The adoption of new ideas and techniques does not occur naturally but results from hard work, trial and error.  It is important to recognize this fact and to make an effort to develop information that is concise, readable and to the point and to make sure the information reaches people who can use it.  A broad spectrum of skills is needed to lead to effective management of innovation and change.  There is no magic formula for success--no such formulas exist.

Multiple channels of communication should be used to promote the adoption of an innovation.  Never expect one report, one presentation, one telephone call or one conference to accomplish everything.  Successful programs need to be carefully




Q. 4. What is the distinctive feature of job production as compared to mass and batch production systems? Elaborate with examples.

Answer:Job production, sometimes called jobbing or one-off production, involves producing custom work, such as a one-off product for a specific customer or a small batch of work in quantities usually less than those of mass-market products. With batch production and flow production it is one of the three main production methods.

Job production can be classical craft production by small firms (making railings for a specific house, building/repairing a computer for a specific customer, making flower arrangements for a specific wedding etc.), but large firms use job production, too,




Q. 5. “Inventory management for slow moving expensive items should focus more on lead time reduction than anything else”. Critically examine the statement.

Answer:Inventory is held to avoid the nuisance, the time and the cost etc. of constant replenishment. However, to replenish inventory only infrequently would necessitate the holding of very large inventories. It is therefore apparent that some balance or trade-off or compromise is needed in deciding how much inventory to hold, and therefore how much inventory to order. There are costs of holding inventory and there are costs of re-ordering inventory and these two costs need to be balanced. The purpose of the EOQ model is to minimise





Q. 6. Write short notes on the following:

a) Product design

Answer:Product design as a verb is the process of creating a new product to be sold by a business to its customers. A very broad concept, it is essentially the efficient and effective generation and development of ideas through a process




b) Work Measurement

Answer:Work measurement is the application of techniques designed to establish the time for an average worker to carry out a specified manufacturing task at a defined level of performance. It is concerned with the length of time it takes to complete a work task assigned to a specific job .

Work measurement helps to uncover non-standardization that exist in the workplace and non-value adding activities and waste. A work




c) Modular Production and Group Technology

Answer:Modular design, or "modularity in design", is a design approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts called modules or skids, that can be independently created and then used in different systems. A modular system can be characterized by functional partitioning into discrete scalable, reusable modules, rigorous use of well-defined modular interfaces, and making use of industry standards for interfaces.

Besides reduction in cost (due to less customization, and shorter learning time), and flexibility in design, modularity offers other benefits such as




d) Purchasing Organization

Answer:The purchasing organization represents the procuring unit in a legal sense. The way in which you assign purchasing organizations to company codes and plants determines the procurement method.

Purchasing organizations in the R/3 System help structure procurement (external organization).

There are three purchasing methods:


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