MI0034- DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

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ASSIGNMENT

DRIVE	SUMMER 2014
PROGRAM	MBADS – (SEM 3/SEM 5) / MBAN2 / MBAFLEX – (SEM 3) / PGDISMN – (SEM 1)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	MI0034- DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
SEMESTER	3
BK ID	B1217
CREDITS	4
MARKS	60

Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.

Q1. Suppose the employee name, employee id, designation, salary, attendance and address of any employee has to be stored in a database. You can store these data in a sequential address book or it can be stored on a hard disk, using a computer and software like Microsoft Excel. Using this example define a database. List and explain the various procedures carried on in a DBMS with a detailed example of the database.

Answer : Database :

A database is an organized collection of data. The data is typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality (for example, the availability of rooms in hotels), in a way that supports processes requiring this information (for example, finding a hotel with vacancies). Database management systems (DBMSs) are specially designed applications that interact with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general-purpose database

Q2. Level 2 cache has got higher latency than Level 1 by 2 times to 10 times in 512 KiB or more. Its value is nearer to kilobyte. This is one of the levels of memory hierarchy. Define memory hierarchy. What are the other levels in memory hierarchy? Explain in one life each for each of them.

Answer : Memory hierarchy :

The term memory hierarchy is used in computer architecture when discussing performance issues in computer architectural design, algorithm predictions, and the lower level programming constructs such as involving locality of reference. A "memory hierarchy" in computer storage distinguishes each level in the "hierarchy" by response time. Since response time, complexity, and capacity are related, the levels may also be distinguished by the controlling technology.

Levels in memory hierarchy :

Q.3                  Employee

Emp Id	Name	Project	Salary	Dep. no.
MUL 1	Ramya	PR 1	40000	1
MUL 2	Nupur	PR 1	45000	2
SMU 1	Rajesh	PR 3	20000	2
SMU 2	Vinay	PR 2	50000	3
SMU 3	Anil	PR 2	80000	2

Department :

Dept id	D name	Place
1	MIS	Bangalore
2	HRM	Bangalore
3	Finance	Chennai
4	Research	Bangalore

Using these tables answer the following question

a. If we want to see all the employees with salary between 40000 and 50000, which query can be used?

b. Select employee name from EMPLOYEE table, whose name starts with R

c. Explain aggregate functions and grouping in detail

Ans :  A select query retrieves data from one or more of the tables in your database, or other queries there, and displays the results in a datasheet. You can also use a select query to group data, and to calculate sums, averages, counts, and other types of totals. Query languages are computer languages used to make queries into databases and information systems.

a. Query based in BETWEEN operator SELECT * from employee WHERE salary between 40000 to 50000 :

SELECT NAME

b. Query based in  LIKE condition SELECT * from employee WHERE Name LIKE ‘r%’;

SELECT NAME

FROM

c. Explaining aggregate functions on select statement, with an example

Aggregate functions are used to compute against a "returned column of numeric data" from your SELECT statement. They basically summarize the results

Q4. Consider a book is written by a particular author. And you have to explain to some one the relationship that exists between the author and the book. Normally you can draw a diagram and show the relation. These diagrams are called entity-relationship diagram in which book is one entity, author is one entity, and the relationship that exists between the two entities is written. Likewise explain the various notations used to represent the ER diagram.

Answer : Notations used to represent ER diagrams :

There is no standard for representing data objects in ER diagrams. Each modeling methodology uses its own notation. All notational styles represent entities as rectangular boxes and relationships as lines connecting boxes. Each style uses a special set of symbols to represent the cardinality of connection. The symbols used for the basic ER constructs are:

• Entities are represented by labeled rectangles.

Q5. Consider a banking database (select the tables and fields of your choice). Now apply all the operations of relational algebra and find the result.

Answer :  Banking database  :

A database consists of multiple relations Information about an enterprise is broken up into parts, with  each relation storing one part of the information

account :   stores information about accounts
depositor : stores information

Q.6 Read the following case study thoroughly and answer the following questions:

Laxmi bank is one of the largest private sector banks of India. It has an extensive network of more than 200 branches. It offers banking services to retail as well as corporate clients. The bank faced a challenge in integrating multi-pronged database management system into a centralized system. The IT department of the bank also realized that the computing capabilities of its PCs and servers were not proportionately distributed among all its branches. Each branch had its database management system stored in a traditional way on the disk. The total cost of operating and maintaining the current IT infrastructure was very high and the fundamental shortcomings added to the costs. Moreover, there were also recurrent problems due to the malfunctioning of the currently operational database management system. Therefore, the bank’s top management decided to fix the problem and operationalise a robust database management system. The bank hired an external database technology consulting firm called AKPY Info systems Limited. AKPY divided the entire IT infrastructure of the bank around two verticals. The retail banking vertical and the corporate banking vertical. All the individual database servers from the individual branches were removed. The entire database system was made virtual such that the managers and the staff can access only the required information (related to retail banking or corporate banking) from the respective centralised data centers. There were only two such centralised data centers (one for retail banking and another for corporate banking) that were managed centrally. Staff and managers could access the information through their PCs and laptops. Centralised database management system complemented the security system by bringing in authentication through a unified ID management server. Managers and officers of the bank were able to process half a million transactions per month in real time after the new implementation. There were significant savings in the cost and also in the consumption of power. Now there were no problems with regard to imbalances in the load across various network servers. Due to centralised data management, top management could keep an eye on the functioning of various branches. Hence the cases of fraud and cheating reduced considerably. The bank managers could also process the loan applications in reduced time since the customer’s previous records could be accessed at the click of the button and approval from the higher authorities could be obtained in real time. Moreover the new system also brought in many applications that helped local managers in the decision making process.

a. List the uses of centralized data management

b. What steps Laxmi bank need to take if it were to change its centralised database system to a distributed database system in future?

Ans : a. uses of centralized data management :

From the above case study it is concluded that centralized data management has following advantages which has made it more useful than the older system :

1. Centralised database management system complements the security system by bringing in authentication through a unified ID management server

Ans. b.  Collections of data (e.g. in a database) can be distributed across multiple physical locations. A distributed database can reside on network servers on the Internet, on corporate intranets or extranets, or on other company networks. The replication and distribution of databases improves database performance at end-user worksites If Laxmi bank

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