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Master of Business
Administration- MBA Semester 3
IB0010–International
Financial Management -4 Credits
(Book ID:B1759)
Assignment (60 marks)
Note: Assignment Set -1 must be written within 6-8 pages. Answer all
questions.
Q1. How International Financial Management does help in maximizing the wealth
of the shareholders?
Answer. Effective financial management is not limited to the
application of the latest business techniques or functioning more efficiently
but includes maximization of wealth meaning that it aims to offer profit tithe
shareholder, the owners of the businesses and to ensure that they gain benefits
from the business decisions that have been made. So, the goal of international
financial management is to increase the wealth of shareholders just like in
domestic financial management. The goals are not only limited to just the
shareholders, but also to the suppliers, customers and employees. It is also
understood that any goal cannot be achieved without achieving the welfare of
the shareholders. Increasing the price of the share would mean maximizing
shareholders wealth.
Though in many countries such as
Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States, it has been
accepted that the primary goal of financial management is to maximize the
wealth of the shareholders; in other countries it is not as widely embraced. In
countries such as Germany and France, the shareholders are generally viewed as
a part of the ‘stakeholders’ along with the customers, banks, suppliers and so
on. In European countries, the managers consider the most important goal to be
the overall welfare of the stakeholders of the firm.
Q2. Explain the major accounts and sub categories of the balance of
payments statement.
Answer. The economic transactions of a country’s residents in
relation to the rest of the world are summarized by the balance of payments
statement. It also presents the transactions of movements in official reserves,
the net income that has been generated abroad and the transactions that take
place in the physical and financial assets.
The BOP consists of current
account, capital account and reserve account. The current account records flow
of goods, services and unilateral transfers. The capital account shows the
transactions that involve changes in the foreign financial assets and
liabilities of a country.
BOP is neither an income
statement nor a balance sheet. It is a statement of sources and uses of funds
that reflects changes in assets, liabilities and net worth during a specified
period of time.
Q3. Define what you mean by Forward Markets. Discuss the differences
between futures options and spot options.
Answer. Forward Market
In the forward market, contracts
are made to buy and sell currencies for future delivery, say, after a
fortnight, one month two months, or three months. The rate of exchange for the
transaction is agreed upon on the very day the deal is finalized. The forward
rates with varying maturity are quoted in the newspapers and those rates form
the basis of the contract. Both the parties have to abide by the exchange rate
mentioned in the contract irrespective of whether the spot rate on the maturity
date is more or less than that of the forward rate. In other words, no party
can back out of the deal, even if changes in the future spot rate are not in
his or her favour.
The value date in case of a
forward contract lies definitely beyond the value date applicable to a spot
contract.
If it is a one-month forward
contract, the value date will be the date in the next month corresponding to
the spot value date. Suppose a currency is purchased on 1 August, if it is a
spot transaction, the currency will be delivered on 3 August.
Q4. Define cost of capital. Discuss the approaches that are employed to
calculate the cost of equity capital.
Answer. The cost of capital is a term used in the field of
financial investment to refer to the cost of a company's funds (both debt and
equity), or, from an investor's point of view "the shareholder's required
return on a portfolio company's existing securities".[1] It is used to
evaluate new projects of a company as it is the minimum return that investors
expect for providing capital to the company, thus setting a benchmark that a
new project has to meet.
In cost of capital, calculating of cost of equity capital is not so
easy like calculation of cost of debt because there are many approaches in cost
of equity capital. These are just like different methods of cost equity methods
which have been developed after developing the outlook of company.
1. Dividend price approach
According to dividend price
approach, we can calculate cost of capital just dividing dividend per share
with market value of per share. This cost shows direct relationship between
price of equity shares and price of dividend. Its % value shows what amount, we
are giving per $ 100 share.
Q5. Explain the techniques adopted by MNCs to reduce country risk.
Answer. Political risk is the likelihood that political forces will
cause great changes in a country’s business environment that will lower the
profits of a business enterprise or prevents it from reaching other goals. Examples of political risk include political
changes that result in increased tax rates, the imposition of exchange controls
that limit or block a subsidiary's ability to repatriate profits, the
imposition of price controls, and government interference in existing
contracts. In extreme cases, a foreign
firm’ assets can be expropriated or social unrest may result in economic
collapse, which can render a firm’s assets worthless. When political risk is high, there is a
strong likelihood that a change will occur in the country’s political
environment that will harm the MNC.
Q6. Define the benefits of FDI. State the cost of FDI to the home
country.
Answer. The Benefits and Costs of FDI to Home Countries
FDI also produces costs and
benefits to the home (or source) country. Does the US economy benefit or lose
from investments by its firms in foreign markets? Does the Japanese economy
lose or gain from Toyota's investment in France? Some argue that FDI is not
always in the home country's national interest and should be restricted. Others
argue that the benefits far outweigh the costs and any restrictions would be
contrary to national interests.
Benefits of FDI to the Home Country
The benefits of FDI to the home
country arise from three sources. First, and perhaps most important, the
capital account of the home country's balance of payments benefits from the
inward flow of foreign earnings. Thus, one benefit to Japan from Toyota's
investment in France are the earnings that are subsequently repatriated to
Japan from France. FDI can also benefit the current
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