SUBJECT :FINANCE AND ECONOMICS

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SUBJECT :FINANCE AND ECONOMICS
                                                                               
Total Marks-80

All questions are compulsory.
All questions carry equal marks


Question.1. Explain nature and scope of Managerial Economics

Answer:Managerial economics is a discipline which deals with the application of economic theory to business management. It deals with the use of economic concepts and principles of business decision making. Formerly it was known as “Business Economics” but the term has now been discarded in favour of Managerial Economics.

Managerial Economics may be defined as the study of economic theories, logic and methodology which are generally applied to seek solution to the practical problems of business. Managerial Economics is thus constituted of that part of economic knowledge or economic theories which is used as a tool of analysing business problems for




Question.2. Define demand. Explain law of demand and its exceptions

Answer:In our daily life, it is normally observed that decrease in price of a commodity leads to increase in its demand. Such behaviour of consumers has been formulated as ‘Law of Demand’.

Economics

Law of demand states the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded, keeping other factors constant (ceteris paribus). This law is also known as the ‘First Law of Purchase’.
Assumptions of Law of demand:

While stating the law of demand, we use the phrase ‘keeping other factors constant or ceteris paribus’. This phrase is used to cover the following assumptions on which the law is based:




Question.3. What is theory of production. Explain in detail.

Answer:Production theory is the study of production, or the economic process of converting inputs into outputs. Production uses resources to create a good or service that is suitable for use, gift-giving in a gift economy, or exchange in a market economy. This can include manufacturing, construction, storing, shipping, and packaging. Some economists define production broadly as all economic activity other than consumption. They see every commercial activity other than the final purchase as some form of production.

Production is a process, and as such it occurs through time and space. Because it is a flow concept, production is measured as a “rate of output per



Question.4. Write a note on break-even analysis

Answer:The break-even point (BEP) in economics, business, and specifically cost accounting, is the point at which total cost and total revenue are equal: there is no net loss or gain, and one has "broken even." A profit or a loss has not been made, although opportunity costs have been "paid", and capital has received the risk-adjusted, expected return. In short, all costs that needs to be paid are paid by the firm but the profit is equal to 0.

The break-even level or break-even point (BEP) represents the sales amount—in either unit or revenue terms—that is required to cover total costs (both fixed and variable). Total profit at the break-even point is zero. Break-even is only possible if




Question.5. What is business organization? Explain different types of business organizations.

Answer:A business is an organization that uses economic resources or inputs to provide goods or services to customers in exchange for money or other goods and services.

Business organizations come in different types and forms.
There are three major types of businesses:

1. Service Business: A service type of business provides intangible products (products with no physical form). Service type firms offer professional




Question.6. Explain capital budgeting.

Answer:Capital budgeting, or investment appraisal, is the planning process used to determine whether an organization's long term investments such as new machinery, replacement machinery, new plants, new products, and research development projects are worth the funding of cash through the firm's capitalization structure (debt, equity or retained earnings). It is the process of allocating resources for major capital, or investment, expenditures.[1] One of the primary goals of capital budgeting investments is to increase the value of the firm to the shareholders.







Question.7. Write a detailed note on ratio analysis

Answer:Ratio analysis is the process of determining and interpreting numerical relationships based on financial statements. A ratio is a statistical yardstick that provides a measure of the relationship between two variables or figures.

This relationship can be expressed as a percent or as a quotient. Ratios are simple to calculate and easy to understand. The persons interested in the analysis of financial statements can be grouped under three heads,

i) owners or investors




Question.8. Write a note on pricing strategies

Answer:A business can use a variety of pricing strategies when selling a product or service. The price can be set to maximize profitability for each unit sold or from the market overall. It can be used to defend an existing market from new entrants, to increase market share within a market or to enter a new market. Businesses may benefit from lowering or raising prices, depending on the needs and behaviors of customers and clients in the particular market. Finding the right pricing strategy is an important element in running a successful business.


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Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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