SUBJECT:- PETROLEUM MANAGEMENT

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SUBJECT:- PETROLEUM MANAGEMENT

MARKS :80

A) All questions carry equal marks.

1. Write a detailed analysis of Petroleum Industry in India.

The oil and gas sector is one of the six core industries in India. It is of strategic importance and plays a pivotal role in influencing decisions across other important spheres of the economy.

In 1997–98, the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) was envisioned to deal with the ever-growing gap between demand and supply of gas in India. As per a recent report, the oil and gas industry in India is anticipated to be worth US$ 139,814.7 million by 2015. With India’s economic growth closely linked to energy demand, the




2. Explain evaluation of Petroleum over the years.

Answer:  In petroleum exploration and development, formation evaluation is used to determine the ability of a borehole to produce petroleum. Essentially, it is the process of "recognizing a commercial well when you drill one".

Modern rotary drilling usually uses a heavy mud as a lubricant and as a means of producing a confining pressure against the formation face in the borehole, preventing blowouts. Only in rare and catastrophic cases, do oil and gas wells come in with a fountain of gushing oil. In real life, that is a blowout—and usually also a financial and environmental disaster. But controlling blowouts has drawbacks—mud filtrate soaks into the formation




3. Explain the process of distillation of Petroleum.

Answer:  A petroleum refinery is an installation that manufactures finished petroleum products from crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, and alcohol. Refined petroleum products include but are not limited to gasolines, kerosene, distillate fuel oils (including No. 2 fuel oil), liquefied petroleum gas, asphalt, lubricating oils, diesel fuels, and residual fuels.


Simple Distillation

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The core refining process is simple distillation (Figure 1). Because crude oil is made up of a mixture of hydrocarbons, this first and basic refining process is aimed at separating the crude oil into its "fractions," the broad categories of its component hydrocarbons. Crude oil is heated and put into a still—a distillation column—and different products boil off and can be recovered at different temperatures. The lighter products—liquid




4. Which are the different thermal properties of Petroleum fractions?

Answer:  Petroleum, in one form or another, has been used since ancient times, and is now important across society, including in economy, politics and technology. The rise in importance was due to the invention of the internal combustion engine, the rise in commercial aviation, and the importance of petroleum to industrial organic chemistry, particularly the synthesis of plastics, fertilizers, solvents, adhesives and pesticides.

In its strictest sense, petroleum includes only crude oil, but in common usage it includes all liquid, gaseous, and solid hydrocarbons. Under surface pressure and temperature conditions, lighter hydrocarbons methane, ethane, propane and butane



5. What is blending of Gasolines ?

Answer:  To better understand the need for gasoline blending, it helps to understand the basic workings of your car's engine:

1.       Gasoline vapor mixes with air in the cylinder chamber.
2.       The cylinder compresses the air/gasoline mixture.
3.       The spark plug fires when the cylinder achieves maximum compression, which ignites air/gasoline mixture.
4.       The force of the combustion pushes the cylinder down, which turns the drive shaft, generating useable power.
5.       The byproducts of combustion are let out of the chamber when the cylinder is in its down cycle.




6. Explain theory of catalytic reforming.

Answer:  Catalytic reforming

Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert petroleum refinery naphthas distilled from crude oil (typically having low octane ratings) into high-octane liquid products called reformates, which are premium blending stocks for high-octane gasoline. The process converts low-octane linear hydrocarbons (paraffins) into branched alkanes (isoparaffins) and cyclic naphthenes, which are then partially dehydrogenated to produce high-octane aromatic hydrocarbons. The dehydrogenation also produces significant amounts of byproduct hydrogen gas, which is fed into other refinery processes such as hydrocracking. A side reaction is hydrogenolysis,




7. What is air blowing of bitumen?

Answer: Asphaltic bitumen, normally called "bitumen" is obtained by vacuum distillation or vacuum flashing of an atmospheric residue. This is " straight run" bitumen. An alternative method of bitumen production is by precipitation from residual fractions by propane or butane- solvent deasphalting.The bitumen thus obtained has properties which derive from the type of crude oil processed and from the mode of operation in the vacuum unit or in the solvent deasphalting unit. The grade of the bitumen depends on the amount of volatile material that remains in the product: the smaller the amount of volatiles, the harder the




8. Explain in detail about reserves & deposit of the world with reference to petroleum Industry.

Answer:  Petroleum reserves are any quantity of petroleum that is commercially recoverable. In order to be considered a reserve, a given deposit of petroleum must satisfy four criteria:

·         Discovered through an exploratory well. In other words, drilling must be performed to prove recoverability.
·         Must be recoverable using existing technology
·         Must be commercially viable, meaning the petroleum can be extracted at a profit and not a loss



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