MS - 95 Research Methodology for Management

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ASSIGNMENT

Course Code                                                      :               MS - 95

Course Title                                                       :               Research Methodology for Management Decisions

Assignment Code                                            :               MS-95/TMA/SEM - II /2015

Coverage                                                             :               All Blocks

Note: Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment on or before 31st October, 2015 to the coordinator of your study centre.

Q. 1. Discuss the various experimental designs as powerful tools to study the cause and effect relationships amongst variables in research.

Answer:Like descriptive research, this form of research attempts to prove an idea put forward by an individual or organization. However, it significantly differs on both its methods and its purpose. Where descriptive research is broad in scope, attempting to better define any opinion, attitude, or behaviour held by a particular group, causal research will have only two objectives:

·         Understanding which variables are the cause, and which variables are the effect. For example, let’s say a city council wanted to reduce car accidents on their streets. They might find through preliminary descriptive and exploratory research that both accidents and road rage have been steadily increasing over the past 5 years. Instead of automatically assuming that road rage is the cause of these

Q. 2. Explain Stratified Random Sampling. Describe proportional allocation and optimum allocation with the help of an example.

Answer: In statistical surveys, when subpopulations within an overall population vary, it is advantageous to sample each subpopulation (stratum) independently. Stratification is the process of dividing members of the population into homogeneous subgroups before sampling. The strata should be mutually exclusive: every element in the population must be assigned to only one stratum. The strata should also be collectively exhaustive: no population element can be excluded. Then simple random sampling or systematic sampling is applied within each stratum. This often improves the representativeness of the sample by reducing sampling error. It can produce a weighted mean that has less variability than the arithmetic mean

Q. 3. A physical instructor claims that a particular exercise when done continuously for 7 days, reduces body weight at least by 3.5kg. Five overweight girls did the exercise for 7 days and their body weights were found as under:

Girls	1	2	3	4	5
Weight before exercise	70	72	75	71	78
Weight after exercise	66	70	72	66	72

Answer: 

Q. 4. Explain the different parts of a typical research report. Also prepare a sample Index page of such report.

Answer:The six components of a research report are as follows:  An abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and references.

The Abstract: The abstract is an overview of the research study and is typically two to four paragraphs in length.  Think of it as an executive summary that distills the key elements of the remaining sections into a few sentences.

Introduction: The introduction provides the key question that the researcher is attempting to answer and a review of any literature that is relevant. 

Q. 5. Write short notes on:

i) Dependent and Independent variable

Answer: Variables used in an experiment or modelling can be divided into three types: "dependent variable", "independent variable", or other. The "dependent variable" represents the output or effect, or is tested to see if it is the effect. The "independent variables" represent the inputs or causes, or are tested to see if they are the cause. Other variables may also be observed for various reasons.

ii) Copy Reading

Answer:Copyreading is much like the work of a communication arts teacher correcting compositions, except that he uses different symbols. A copy may be a news item, an editorial, a feature story or any literary article. Duties of a copyreader:

1. Straighten out ungrammatical construction.

2. Shorten sentences and tighten paragraphs.

3. See that the paper’s style requirements are strictly followed. Check names, addresses, title, designations, identifications, figures, etc.

iii) Discriminant Analysis.

Answer:Discriminant analysis is a statistical method that is used by researchers to help them understand the relationship between a "dependent variable" and one or more "independent variables." A dependent variable is the variable that a researcher is trying to explain or predict from the values of the independent variables. Discriminant analysis is similar to regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The principal difference between discriminant analysis and the other two methods is with regard to the nature of the dependent variable.

Discriminant analysis requires the

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