BT0076, TCP/IP

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ASSIGNMENT

PROGRAM	BSc IT
SEMESTER	3
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	BT0076, TCP/IP
CREDIT	4
BK ID	B0965
MAX.MARKS	60

Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.

1 Define frame relay. Describe its format with diagram.

Answer: Frame relay is a packet-switching technology that provides dynamic bandwidth assignments. Frame relay systems are a simple bearer (transport only) technology and do not offer advanced error protection or retransmission. Frame relay were developed in the 1980s as a result of improved digital network transmission quality that reduced the need for error protection. Frame relay systems offer dynamic data transmission rates through the use of varying frame sizes.

This figure shows a frame relay system. This diagram shows a local area network (LAN) in San Francisco is connected to a LAN in New York. A virtual path

2 Define ports and explain the two types of ports.

Answer: An interface on a computer to which you can connect a device. Personal computers have various types of ports. Internally, there are several ports for connecting disk drives, display screens, and keyboards. Externally, personal computers have ports for connecting modems, printers, mice, and other peripheral devices.

Almost all personal computers come with a serial RS

3Write note on:

(a)The Hierarchical Namespace

Answer: The DNS hierarchical namespace is a map of how DNS servers determine what IP address to connect to given a URL.

Registrars: Registrars, such as VeriSign, the operator of the .com and .net top-level domains, let any company, organization, or private individual register a TLD for any number of years. The domain name is then added to the Whois directory, and may point to a specific DNS server, which translates the domain name into an IP address.

Map: Domain names are read from right

(b) Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs)

Answer: A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) is the complete domain name for a specific computer, or host, on the Internet. The FQDN consists of two parts: the hostname and the domain name. For example, an FQDN for a hypothetical mail server might be mymail.somecollege.edu. The hostname is mymail, and the host is located within the domain somecollege.edu.

In this example, .edu is the top-level domain (TLD). This is similar to the root directory on a typical workstation, where all other directories (or folders) originate. (Within the .edu TLD, Indiana University Bloomington has been

4 Define Telnet and explain its operation.

Answer: Telnet is an application protocol used on the Internet or local area networks to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection. User data is interspersed in-band with Telnet control information in an 8-bit byte oriented data connection over the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

Telnet was developed in

5 Define and explain Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP4). Describe Fundamental IMAP4 Electronic Mail Models.

Answer: IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is a standard protocol for accessing e-mail from your local server. IMAP (the latest version is IMAP Version 4) is a client/server protocol in which e-mail is received and held for you by your Internet server. You (or your e-mail client) can view just the heading and the sender of the letter and then decide whether to download the mail. You can also create and manipulate multiple folders or mailboxes on the server, delete messages, or search for certain parts or an entire note. IMAP requires continual access

6 Give an overview of HTTP operation.

Answer: The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.

Hypertext is structured text that uses logical links (hyperlinks) between nodes containing text. HTTP is the protocol to exchange or transfer hypertext.

The standards development of HTTP was coordinated by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), culminating in the publication of a series of Requests for Comments (RFCs), most notably RFC 2616 (June 1999), which defined HTTP/1.1, the version of HTTP most commonly used today. In June 2014, RFC 2616 was retired and HTTP/1.1 was redefined by RFCs 7230, 7231, 7232, 7233, 7234, and 7235.[2] HTTP/2 is currently in draft form.

Technical overview: HTTP functions as a request

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