Elective: Power Management (Part -2)

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National Institute of Business Management

Chennai - 020
EMBA/ MBA

Elective: Power Management (Part -2)

Attend any 4 questions.  Each question carries 25 marks
(Each answer should be of minimum 2 pages / of 300 words)

Question.1.Explain an Integrated Circuit.

Answer:An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate ("chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon. This can be made much smaller than a discrete circuit made from independent electronic components. ICs can be made very compact, having up to several billion transistors and other electronic components in an area the size of a fingernail. The width of each conducting line in a circuit can be made smaller and smaller as the




Question2.Explain the most advanced integrated circuits that are the microprocessors or “cores”, which control everything from computers and cellular phones to digital microwave ovens.

Answer:ICs have two main advantages over discrete circuits: cost and performance. Cost is low because the chips, with all their components, are printed as a unit by photolithography rather than being constructed one transistor at a time. Furthermore, packaged ICs use much less material than discrete circuits. Performance is high because the IC's components switch quickly and consume little power (compared to their discrete counterparts) as a result of the small size and close proximity of the components. As of 2012, typical chip areas




Question3.Discuss the classification of Integrated circuits.

Answer:Integrated circuit (IC) is the most significant technological development of the 21st century if I may say. It has forever transformed the world of electronics. It has reduced the size of electronics from a refrigerator size to palm size electronics or even less.

Unlike vacuum tubes used in early electronics, ICs dissipates less heat and as consumes less energy compared to vacuum tubes. Its reliability is not to be compared with that of vacuum tubes, it is very reliable. ICs have changed the fate of





Question4.Without clear documentation, software can be hard to use—especially if it is very specialized and relatively complex like Photoshop or AutoCAD. Explain.

Answer:

Question5.The fundamental concept of storing programs in the computer’s memory alongside the data they operate on is the crux of the von Neumann, or stored program, architecture. Discuss.

Answer: In most cases, computer instructions are simple: add one number to another, move some data from one location to another, send a message to some external device, etc. These instructions are read from the computer's memory and are generally carried out (executed) in the order they were given. However, there are usually specialized instructions to tell the computer to jump ahead or backwards to some other place in the program and to carry on executing from there. These are called "jump" instructions (or branches). Furthermore, jump instructions may be made to happen conditionally so that different sequences of instructions may be used depending on the result of some previous calculation or some external event.



Question6.A “computer” is commonly considered to be a physical device. However, one can create a computer program which describes how to run a different computer, i.e. “simulating a computer in a computer”.Explain.

Answer:

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