QM0021: STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL

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Assignment

DRIVE	SPRING 2015
PROGRAM	MBA (SEM 3)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	QM0021: STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL
BK ID	B1928
CREDIT & MARKS	4 CREDITS & 60 MARKS

1 Write short notes on:

(a) Process management

Answer: Process management is the ensemble of activities of planning and monitoring the performance of a process. The term usually refers to the management of business processes and manufacturing processes. Business process management (BPM) and business process reengineering are interrelated, but not

(b) Types of data

Answer: Data can be defined as groups of information that represent the qualitative or quantitative attributes of a variable or set of variables, which is the same as saying that data can be any set of information that describes a given entity. Data in statistics can be classified into grouped data and ungrouped data.

Q.2 What is process capability? Define process capability index. Explain Cp index and Cpk Index.

Answer: A process is a unique combination of tools, materials, methods, and people engaged in producing a measurable output; for example a manufacturing line for machine parts. All processes have inherent statistical variability which can be evaluated by statistical methods.

The Process Capability is a measurable property of a process to the specification, expressed as a process capability index (e.g., Cpk or Cpm) or as a

Q 3 What is ‘mean’ and ‘median’? How do you calculate mean and median? Calculate the mean and median of the following data: 54, 56, 23, 65, 34, 71, 56, 39.

Answer: The mean for a given set of numbers can be computed in more than one way, including the arithmetic mean method, which uses the sum of the numbers in the series, and the geometric mean method. However, all of the primary methods for computing a simple average of a normal number series produce the same approximate result most of the time.

Q.4 What are the properties of ‘probability’? Explain about ‘normal distribution’ in brief.

Answer: Probability is the measure of the likeliness that an event will occur.[1][2] Probability is quantified as a number between 0 and 1 (where 0 indicates impossibility and 1 indicates certainty).[3][4] The higher the probability of an event, the more certain we are that the event will occur. A simple example is the toss of a fair (unbiased) coin.

Properties of probability:

Property 1:

If A is an outcome in a sample space S, then

Q.5Define ‘hypothesis testing’. Explain ‘null hypotheses’ and ‘alternative hypothesis’.

Answer: A statistical hypothesis is a scientific hypothesis that is testable on the basis of observing a process that is modeled via a set of random variables. A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used for testing a statistical hypothesis.

A test result is called statistically significant if it has been predicted as unlikely to have occurred by chance alone, according to a threshold probability—the significance level. Hypothesis tests are used in determining what outcomes of a study would lead

6 What is a control chart? What are the various control charts for attributes? Explain ‘p’ chart in detail.

Answer: Control charts, also known as Shewhart charts or process-behavior charts, in statistical process control are tools used to determine if a manufacturing or business process is in a state of statistical control. If analysis of the control chart indicates that the process is currently under control (i.e., is stable, with variation only coming from sources common to the process), then no corrections or changes to process control parameters are needed or desired. In

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