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IB0015- Foreign Trade
of India
BK ID-B1908
CREDIT & MARKS--4
CREDITS, 60 MARKS
Q1. Discuss the Heckscher-Ohlin theory of international trade. 10
Answer: The Modern Theory of
international trade has been advocated by Bertil Ohlin. Ohlin has drawn his
ideas from Heckscher's General Equilibrium Analysis. Hence it is also known as
Heckscher Ohlin (HO) Model / Theorem / Theory. According to Bertil Ohlin, trade
arises due to the differences in the relative prices of different
Q2. What is the role of services exports in recent years in India’s
composition of trade? Discuss. (India and services trade) 10
Answer: Composition of Exports:
The composition of exports shows a perceptible shift in this decade from light
manufactures to heavy manufactures and petroleum crude and products. The share
of textiles and ready-made garments (RMG) has fallen dramatically by 11.1
percentage points in 2006-07 over 2000-01 followed by gems and
Q3. Discuss the trends in the principal imports of India in the last 5
years. 10
Answer:
Imports in India increased to
35740 USD Million in March of 2015 from 28392.30 USD Million in February of
2015. Imports in India averaged 6225.45 USD Million from 1957 until 2015,
reaching an all time high of 45281.90 USD Million in May of 2011 and a record
low of 117.40 USD Million in August of 1958. Imports in India is
Q4. Write short notes on India’s trade with: 5, 5
a. LAC region
b. Africa
Answer:
a. LAC region:
Even as India's trade with the
LAC region has grown at 25 per cent annually over the last decade, touching $
46 billion in 2012-13, bilateral investments remain at a relatively low level.
While the region received only 4 per cent of India's outward FDI, investments
from LAC region in India are still low. Now is the time to change that. India,
Q5. What are Special Economic Zones? Write one sentence each on any 5
SEZs in India.
(Meaning and role of SEZ, 5 SEZ) 5, 5
Answer.
Special Economic Zones
A special economic zone (SEZ) is
a geographical region that is designed to export goods and provide employment.
SEZs may be exempt from laws regarding taxes, quotas, Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI)-bans, labour laws and other restrictive laws in order to make the goods
manufactured in the SEZ at a globally competitive price.
Q6. What is the need and role of Focus Market Scheme? Discuss in
detail.
(Focus market scheme) 10
Answer.
Need and role of Focus Market
Scheme
The objective of the scheme is to
offset the high freight cost and other disabilities faced in accessing select
foreign markets as to enhance the export competitiveness in these markets. The
scheme allows duty credit scrip @ 3% of the FOB value of exports irrespective
of the product they export to notified countries as in Appendix 37C of
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IB0017 –International
Business Environment and International Law
BK ID-B1909
CREDIT & MARKS-4 CREDITS, 60 MARKS
Q1. Discuss the pros and cons of internationalization. (Pros, cons) 5,
5
Answer: Pros Cons Increasing the annual
net profit or cash High initial investments are necessary, for flows by
transferring competitive example, for a distribution system advantages to a
foreign market Using foreign sales potentials to achieve Costly product
diversification due to, for volume effects by increasing the quantity example,
technological differences or a different structure of demand can be a
prerequisite for a successful foreign market
Q2. Explain the relationship between law, business and international
law. How isinternational law considered to be mixed in nature?
(Relationship, International law) 6, 4
Answer.
Relationship between law, business and international law
International business and
economic law involves the public international law and domestic law applicable
to international business transactions between private parties, as well as the
public international law applicable to trade and investment relations between
or among states. The concerns of international economic and business law
Q3. Discuss the laws related to regulation and promotion of foreign
trade in India. (Laws regulating foreign trade) 10
Answer: Regulation: To ensure a
full disclosure of all information relating to a franchise companyprior to a
franchisee taking on the business, franchise regulations have been put in place
by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). While the disclosure process is lengthy
and should always include an experienced franchise attorney, there are basic
guidelines to the regulations that a small businessowner should be aware of
when considering franchising options. In addition to the FTC rules, though,
many states have implemented their own individual franchise rules and minimum
disclosure requirements. Their policies all incorporate the FTC regulations as
Q4. Write short notes on: 5, 5
a. Export cartels
b. Customs valuation
Answer:
a. Export cartels:
Export cartels are exempted from
the competition laws of most countries. While some scholars and several WTO
members have recently condemned such cartels, others have argued that they
allow efficiency gains that actually promote competition and trade. This paper
examines the various issues involved, with special reference to developing
countries and to recent discussions on trade and competition policy. After
summarising the contending views on export cartels, and also the scanty
theoretical literature on the subject, it reviews the treatment of such
Q5. How does the TRIPs agreement protect IPRs? What are the 7
intellectual properties defined in TRIPs?
(TRIPS and IPRs, intellectual properties)5,5
Answer.
TRIPs agreement protect IPRs
The TRIPS agreement introduced
intellectual property law into the international trading system for the first
time and remains the most comprehensive international agreement on intellectual
property to date. In 2001, developing countries, concerned that developed
countries were insisting on an overly narrow reading of TRIPS, initiated a
round of talks that resulted in the Doha Declaration. The Doha declaration is a
WTO statement that clarifies the scope of TRIPS, stating for example that TRIPS
can and should be interpreted in light of the goal "to promote
Q6. Which are the various kinds of investment treaties and how do
theyfunction?
(Investment treaties meaning, Kinds,Function)2,4,4
Answer.
Investment treaties
An investment treaty is an
agreement made between two or more sovereigns that safeguards investments made
in the territory of the signatory countries. Sovereigns purportedly promulgate
these investment treaties as “a means to satisfy the need to promote and
protect fo
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IB0018 –
Export-Import Finance
BK ID-B1910
CREDIT & MARKS-4
CREDITS, 60 MARKS
Q1. Discuss any 5 trade financing schemes by EXIM bank in brief. (5
Trade financing schemes) 10
Answer: EXIM Bank of India: Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank) was
set up in March 1981 under the Export-Import Bank of India Act, 1981 for the
following purposes:
i. For providing financial
assistance to exporters
ii. For providing financial
assistance to importers
iii. For functioning as the
financial institution for co-ordinating the working of institutions engaged in
financing
Q2. What is the need for export finance in India? Write a short note on
export financing facilities in India.
(Need for export finance, Financing facilities) 5, 5
Answer.
Need for export finance
Export finance refers to
financial assistance extended by banks and other financial institutions to
businesses for the shipping of products outside a country or region. Export
financing enables MSMEs to expand its reach to a global audience. Export
financing is a major component of successful export transactions. Exporters
need finance for
Q3. As an exporter, what benefits you can get from Post shipment
finance scheme? Discuss the types of post shipment credits.
(Post shipment finance, types) 7, 3
Answer.
Post shipment finance scheme
Post shipment finance may be defined
as a loan or advance granted bybanks to their exporter clients after the
shipment of goods till the date ofreceipt of payment from overseas buyer or
credit opening bank. It is a shortterm credit provided by banks to exporters to
meet their working capitalrequirements after the shipment of goods.When
Q4. Write short notes on:
a) Export credit Guarantee Corporation
b) Foreign exchange risk
(Meaning and role of ECGC, Meaning of foreign exchange risk) 5, 5
Answer.
a) Export credit Guarantee Corporation
Almost all countries of the world
have set up organizations in their countriesto provide credit risk insurance
facilities to their exporters. In India,Government of India has set up ECGC to
cover export credit risk.In 1957, Government of India set up the Export Risk
Insurance Corporationof India. In 1964, the name was changed to
Q5. There are several factors that affect the exchange rate of a
country. Explain any 5 determinants of exchange rate. (5 Determinants of
exchange rate) 10
Answer: Exchange rate : is one of
the most important determinants of a country's relative level of economic
health. Exchange rates play a vital role in a country's level of trade, which
is critical to most every free market economy in the world. For this reason, exchange
rates are among the most watched, analyzed and governmentally manipulated
economic measures. But exchange rates matter on a smaller scale as well: they
impact the real return
Q6. What is custom duty? Discuss its types.
(Meaning, types) 4, 6
Answer.
Custom duty
A tax levied on imports (and,
sometimes, on exports) by the customs authorities of a country to raise state
revenue, and/or to protect domestic industries from more efficient or predatory
competitors from abroad.
Customs duty is
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IB0019
.
Q1. Logistical development varies from country to country. Discuss the
role of global logistics operator. 10
Answer: Logistics: According to a
new World Bank Group survey on trade logistics the capacity of countries to
efficiently move goods and connect manufacturers and consumers with
international markets is improving around the world, but much more is needed to
spur faster economic growth and help firms benefit from
Q2. Analyze and discuss market-accommodation flow with respect to
operational, planning and control and behavioral context.
(Analysis of market accommodation flow in: Operational, Planning and
control, Behavioral context) 4, 3, 3(10 marks)
Answer:
Market accommodation flow, which
reflects post-sales service administration and reverse logistics, including
product recalls and recycling. Market accommodation also enables effective
supply chain planning through exchanging
Q3. Write short notes on: 5, 5
a) Seaports in transportation infrastructure
b) Airports in transportation infrastructure
Answer: Airports in
transportation infrastructure: is an option that many governments prefer.
Governments have a role in ensuring that competition law and policy are working
adequately and that the ATI market structure is consistent with achieving the
governments’ overall development objectives. When govern- ments are considering
addressing performance problems in ATI, it is important that they are
encouraged to examine the trade-offs between maximizing the competition between
airports that are currently government owned versus any fiscal and regional
development benefits from continuation of the
Q4. How is ocean liner conferences formed? What are the types of liner
associations?
(Ocean liner conference-5 marks, Types of liner conference-5 marks) 10
marks
Answer.
Ocean liner conference
A Liner Conference can be defined
as "a group of two or more vessel operating carriers which provide
internationa liner services for the carriage of cargo on a particular route or
routes within specific geographical limits and which has an agreement or
arrangement within the framework of which they operate under uniform or common
freight rates and any other agreed conditions with respect to the
Q5. What are logistics
intermediaries? Explain the different types of intermediaries and their
strategic approaches.
(Meaning-3 marks, Functions-3
marks, Types-4 marks)10 marks
Answer. Meaning
Logistics intermediary: A party
who arranges shipping, warehousing, distribution and other goods movement on
behalf of goods providers and shipping companies.
Function of Intermediaries
• Distribution of goods takes place by
means of channels, and the intermediaries are the independent
Q6. Describe the various measures
that must be taken while transporting the hazardous materials.
(A Safety measures for hazardous
materials)10 marks
Answer.
These 11 rules are presented in
no particular order. They are all top priorities for chemical handlers.
However, feel free to rearrange them in whatever order you think is best for
your workplace, your workers, and your material
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