BT0076, TCP/IP

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ASSIGNMENT

PROGRAM	BScIT
Semester	3
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	BT0076, TCP/IP
CREDIT	4
BK ID	B 0965
MAX.MARKS	60

Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.

Question1.  Write short note on:

1. Gigabit Ethernet

Answer: Gigabit Ethernet (GbE or 1 GigE) is a term describing various technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per second (1,000,000,000 bits per second), as defined by the IEEE 802.3-2008 standard. It came into use beginning in 1999, gradually supplanting Fast Ethernet in wired local networks, where it performed considerably faster. The cables and equipment are very similar to previous standards and have been very common

2. Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)

Answer: Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a standard for data transmission in a local area network. It uses optical fiber as its standard

Question2. Define and explain address resolution protocol (ARP). Describe ARP packet generation.

Answer: Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine address that is recognized in the local network. For example, in IP Version 4, the most common level of IP in use today, an address is 32 bits long. In an Ethernet local area network, however, addresses for attached devices are 48 bits long. (The physical machine address is also known as a Media Access Control or MAC address.) A table, usually called the ARP cache, is used to maintain a correlation between each MAC address and its corresponding IP address. ARP provides the protocol rules for making this correlation and providing address conversion in both directions.

When an incoming packet destined for a host

Question3. What is the use of TCP congestion control algorithm? Explain slow start TCP Congestion Control Algorithm.

Answer: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses a network congestion-avoidance algorithm that includes various aspects of an additive increase/multiplicative decrease (AIMD) scheme, with other schemes such as slow-start to achieve congestion avoidance.The TCP congestion-avoidance algorithm is the primary basis for congestion control in the Internet.

Slow-start is part of the congestion control strategy used by TCP, the data transmission protocol used by many Internet applications. Slow-start is used in conjunction with other algorithms to avoid sending more data than the network is capable of

Question4. Write note on:

1. The Hierarchical Namespace

Answer: The DNS hierarchical namespace is a map of how DNS servers determine what IP address to connect to given a URL

Registrars: Registrars, such as VeriSign, the operator of the .com and .net top-level domains, let any company, organization, or private individual register a TLD for any number of years. The domain name is then added to the Whois directory, and

2. Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs)

Answer: A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) is the complete domain name for a specific computer, or host, on the Internet. The FQDN consists of two parts: the hostname and the domain name. For example, an FQDN for a hypothetical mail server might be mymail.somecollege.edu. The hostname is mymail, and the host is located within the

Question5. Define Remote Execution Command Protocol (REXEC and RSH). Explain its principle of operation.

Answer: REXECD (Remote EXEcution Command Daemon) is a server that allows execution of the REXEC or RSH (Remote Shell Protocol) command from a remote host over the TCP/IP network. The client function is performed by the REXEC process.

Principle of Operation

REXECD is a server (or daemon). It handles commands issued by foreign hosts, and transfers orders to slave virtual machines for job execution. The daemon performs automatic login, and user authentication when user ID and password are entered.

Question6. Explain the following in context of HTTP:

1. HTTP protocol parameters

Answer: HTTP uses a "<major>.<minor>" numbering scheme to indicate versions of the protocol. The protocol versioning policy is intended to allow the sender to indicate the format of a message and its capacity for understanding further HTTP communication, rather than the features obtained via that communication. No change is made to the version number for the addition of message components which do not affect communication behavior or which only add to extensible field values. The <minor> number is incremented when the changes made

2. HTTP message

Answer: HTTP is based on the client-server architecture model and a stateless request/response protocol that operates by exchanging messages across a reliable TCP/IP connection.

An HTTP "client" is a program (Web browser or any other client) that establishes a connection to a server for the purpose of sending one or more HTTP request messages. An HTTP "server" is a program ( generally a web server like Apache

3. Request 

Answer: An HTTP client sends an HTTP request to a server in the form of a request message which includes following format:

·         A Request-line

·         Zero or more header (General|Request|

4. Response

Answer: After receiving and interpreting a request message, a server responds with an HTTP response message:

·         A Status-line

·         Zero or more header (General|Response|Entity) fields followed by CRLF

·         An empty line (i.e., a line with nothing preceding the CRLF)  indicating the end of the header fields

·         Optionally a message-body

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