Module 9 Medical Jurisprudence

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Student Handbook (PGDMLS)

Module 9

Medical Jurisprudence

Total: 100 Marks

Answer the following questions:

Question. 1. Write Notes on:

a. Types of Post -mortem

Answer:  An autopsy—also known as a post-mortem examination, necropsy, autopsia cadaverum, or obduction —is a highly specialized surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse to determine the cause and manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present. It is usually performed by a specialized medical doctor called a pathologist.

Autopsies are performed for either legal or medical purposes. For example, a forensic autopsy is carried out when the cause of death may

b. Rules of Post -mortem Examination

Answer: A post-mortem is carried out as soon as possible after the death on behalf of the coroner as part of the investigation to establish the cause of death. It usually takes place within one or two days of the death.

The coroner is only required to inform the relatives of the deceased of the time and place at which the examination is to be made, if the relatives have told the coroner that they wish to be informed. The relatives have the right to be

c. Preservation of Medicolegal Evidence

Answer: Proper collection of exhibits is of paramount importance in medico-legal cases. Doctors frequently attend medico-legal cases and many exhibits are preserved as evidence to nab the culprit and administration of justice at large. The present article deals with various exhibits to be preserved in casualty in police/court cases.

It is duty of every doctor to collect and

Question. 2. Write notes on:

a. Brain Stem Death

Answer: Brain stem death is one of the two ways doctors can certify someone, either an adult or a child, as having died. The other is cardiorespiratory death, and is when breathing and circulation has stopped.

The brain stem is at the very bottom of the

b. Time since death

Answer: Providing an estimation of the time elapsed since death is a request almost invariably aimed at forensic specialists summoned to the scene of a death. Despite the fact that there has been an extensive literature on this topic for more than a century, this determination still remains difficult, even for experienced pathologists, and must be undertaken with extreme caution. In particular, the dogmatic application of rules and formulas based upon single and isolated observations (e.g. rectal temperature of the body, extent of lividity, stage of putrefaction)is a guarantee of inaccuracy because of the

c. Asphayxia

Answer: Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from abnormal breathing. An example of asphyxia is choking. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which affects primarily the tissues and organs. There are many circumstances that can induce asphyxia, all of which are characterized by an inability of an individual to acquire sufficient oxygen through breathing for an extended period of time. Asphyxia can cause coma or death.

In 2013 about 1.6 million cases of unintentional

Question. 3. Write note on any three:

a. Classification of Injuries

Answer: Injury is damage to the body. This may be caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and other causes.

Major trauma is injury that has the potential to cause prolonged disability or death.

In 2013 4.8 million people died from injuries up from 4.3 million in 1990. More than 30% of these deaths were transport related injuries. In 2013 367,000 children less than five died from injuries down from 766,000 in 1990. Injuries are the cause of 9% of all death and are the sixth leading cause of death in the world.

c. Shotgun wounds

Answer: Wounds created by shotguns are much larger than those created by handguns, and vary from massive disruption of the skull and its contents during a contact discharge to the head, or to a widespread pattern of pellet holes when fired at a distance.

When a shotgun is discharged into the head during a contact (loose or hard) or close range shot (up to about 15-30 cm or 6-12 inches), the pellets contained in the cartridge have not had time to spread, and they enter the body as a single mass.

d. Medicolegal aspects of Bomb Explosions

Answer:

Question. 4. Write note on any one:

a. Medical examination of rape victim

Answer:

b. Narcotic substances

                              

Answer: The term narcotic originally referred medically to any psychoactive compound with any sleep-inducing properties. In the United States it has since become associated with opiates and opioids, commonly morphine and heroin, as well derivatives of many of the compounds found within raw opium latex; The primary three are morphine, codeine, and thebaine (while thebaine itself is only very mildly

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