Module 10 Stakeholders in Healthcare Sector

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STUDENT HANDBOOK (PGDHHM)

Post Graduate Diploma in Hospital & Healthcare Management

2nd Set of Assignments (Modules 6 to 11)

Module 10

Stakeholders in Healthcare Sector

Total: 100 Marks

Answer the following questions. Each question carries 20 marks.

Question. 1. Describe research and development in pharmaceutical industry and discuss golden future of India in pharmaceutical industry.

Answer: The pharmaceutical industry has a number of unusual characteristics that make it very different from what people normally think of as industry. It is also an industry replete with contradictions; for example, despite the undisputed fact that for over a century the industry has made a major contribution to human wellbeing and the reduction of ill health and suffering, it is still regularly identified by the public in opinion surveys as one of the least trusted industries, often being compared unfavourably to the nuclear industry. It is undoubtedly one of the riskiest businesses in which to invest money, yet it is perceived by the

Question. 2. Explain in detail prominent social health insurance schemes in India.

Answer: Social insurance is any government-sponsored program with the following four characteristics:

·       The benefits, eligibility requirements and other aspects of the program are defined by statute;

·       Explicit provision is made to account for

Question. 3. Describe information and communication technology in healthcare sector.

Answer: In its very basic sense, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), refers to the various electronic tools and services that facilitate communication and the sharing of information and knowledge. The unravelling of new technologies has expanded the world of ICT in such a way that our own world seems much smaller, and much more connected than ever before.

Today ICT not only means the call you make to relatives on the other side of the world, or the quick email you send through your mobile phone. ICT is

Question. 4. Describe evolution of NGO'S & types of NGO'S in India.

Answer:

The business-society interface has changed over the last decades of the twenty-first century as disparate interests within civil society have coalesced around an increasingly vocal -and powerful – nongovernmental or “third” sector. Non governmental organizations (NGOs) – the organizational manifestation of this movement -have gained considerable influence in government, business and within broader society. A coherent understanding of NGOs is a necessary precondition for proper consideration not only of their activities and

Question. 5. Write short notes on

a. Ethics in clinical research

Answer: Clinical research ethics are the set of relevant ethics considered in the conduct of a clinical trial in the field of clinical research. It borrows from the broader fields of research ethics and medical ethics.

Governance: Most directly a local institutional review board oversees the clinical research ethics of any given clinical trial. The institutional review board understands and acts according to local and national law. Each countries national law is

b. Legislation and standardization of medical equipments.

Answer: With the release of Press Note No.2 (2015 Series) dated January 6, 2015 (''Press Note 2''), the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) addresses the need for a separate FDI framework for medical devices that is independent of regulations governing the pharmaceutical industry.

Devices vis-à-vis Drugs

Although medical devices are inherently different in nature and function from pharmaceuticals, both were being treated at par under previous FDI policies. Ambiguities in the previous FDI Policy arose primarily because the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, has notified certain medical devices and other medical products as 'drugs' under Section 3(b)(iv) of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (''Act'') – their import, manufacture, distribution and sale are accordingly regulated by the Act and Drugs and

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STUDENT HANDBOOK (PGDHHM)

Post Graduate Diploma in Hospital & Healthcare Management

2nd Set of Assignments (Modules 6 to 11)

Module 10

Stakeholders in Healthcare Sector

Total: 100 Marks

Answer the following questions. Each question carries 20 marks.

Question. 1. Describe research and development in pharmaceutical industry and discuss golden future of India in pharmaceutical industry.

Answer: The pharmaceutical industry has a number of unusual characteristics that make it very different from what people normally think of as industry. It is also an industry replete with contradictions; for example, despite the undisputed fact that for over a century the industry has made a major contribution to human wellbeing and the reduction of ill health and suffering, it is still regularly identified by the public in opinion surveys as one of the least trusted industries, often being compared unfavourably to the nuclear industry. It is undoubtedly one of the riskiest businesses in which to invest money, yet it is perceived by the

Question. 2. Explain in detail prominent social health insurance schemes in India.

Answer: Social insurance is any government-sponsored program with the following four characteristics:

·       The benefits, eligibility requirements and other aspects of the program are defined by statute;

·       Explicit provision is made to account for

Question. 3. Describe information and communication technology in healthcare sector.

Answer: In its very basic sense, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), refers to the various electronic tools and services that facilitate communication and the sharing of information and knowledge. The unravelling of new technologies has expanded the world of ICT in such a way that our own world seems much smaller, and much more connected than ever before.

Today ICT not only means the call you make to relatives on the other side of the world, or the quick email you send through your mobile phone. ICT is

Question. 4. Describe evolution of NGO'S & types of NGO'S in India.

Answer:

The business-society interface has changed over the last decades of the twenty-first century as disparate interests within civil society have coalesced around an increasingly vocal -and powerful – nongovernmental or “third” sector. Non governmental organizations (NGOs) – the organizational manifestation of this movement -have gained considerable influence in government, business and within broader society. A coherent understanding of NGOs is a necessary precondition for proper consideration not only of their activities and

Question. 5. Write short notes on

a. Ethics in clinical research

Answer: Clinical research ethics are the set of relevant ethics considered in the conduct of a clinical trial in the field of clinical research. It borrows from the broader fields of research ethics and medical ethics.

Governance: Most directly a local institutional review board oversees the clinical research ethics of any given clinical trial. The institutional review board understands and acts according to local and national law. Each countries national law is

b. Legislation and standardization of medical equipments.

Answer: With the release of Press Note No.2 (2015 Series) dated January 6, 2015 (''Press Note 2''), the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) addresses the need for a separate FDI framework for medical devices that is independent of regulations governing the pharmaceutical industry.

Devices vis-à-vis Drugs

Although medical devices are inherently different in nature and function from pharmaceuticals, both were being treated at par under previous FDI policies. Ambiguities in the previous FDI Policy arose primarily because the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, has notified certain medical devices and other medical products as 'drugs' under Section 3(b)(iv) of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (''Act'') – their import, manufacture, distribution and sale are accordingly regulated by the Act and Drugs and

Dear students get fully solved assignments

Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :

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or

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STUDENT HANDBOOK (PGDHHM)

Post Graduate Diploma in Hospital & Healthcare Management

2nd Set of Assignments (Modules 6 to 11)

Module 10

Stakeholders in Healthcare Sector

Total: 100 Marks

Answer the following questions. Each question carries 20 marks.

Question. 1. Describe research and development in pharmaceutical industry and discuss golden future of India in pharmaceutical industry.

Answer: The pharmaceutical industry has a number of unusual characteristics that make it very different from what people normally think of as industry. It is also an industry replete with contradictions; for example, despite the undisputed fact that for over a century the industry has made a major contribution to human wellbeing and the reduction of ill health and suffering, it is still regularly identified by the public in opinion surveys as one of the least trusted industries, often being compared unfavourably to the nuclear industry. It is undoubtedly one of the riskiest businesses in which to invest money, yet it is perceived by the

Question. 2. Explain in detail prominent social health insurance schemes in India.

Answer: Social insurance is any government-sponsored program with the following four characteristics:

·       The benefits, eligibility requirements and other aspects of the program are defined by statute;

·       Explicit provision is made to account for

Question. 3. Describe information and communication technology in healthcare sector.

Answer: In its very basic sense, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), refers to the various electronic tools and services that facilitate communication and the sharing of information and knowledge. The unravelling of new technologies has expanded the world of ICT in such a way that our own world seems much smaller, and much more connected than ever before.

Today ICT not only means the call you make to relatives on the other side of the world, or the quick email you send through your mobile phone. ICT is

Question. 4. Describe evolution of NGO'S & types of NGO'S in India.

Answer:

The business-society interface has changed over the last decades of the twenty-first century as disparate interests within civil society have coalesced around an increasingly vocal -and powerful – nongovernmental or “third” sector. Non governmental organizations (NGOs) – the organizational manifestation of this movement -have gained considerable influence in government, business and within broader society. A coherent understanding of NGOs is a necessary precondition for proper consideration not only of their activities and

Question. 5. Write short notes on

a. Ethics in clinical research

Answer: Clinical research ethics are the set of relevant ethics considered in the conduct of a clinical trial in the field of clinical research. It borrows from the broader fields of research ethics and medical ethics.

Governance: Most directly a local institutional review board oversees the clinical research ethics of any given clinical trial. The institutional review board understands and acts according to local and national law. Each countries national law is

b. Legislation and standardization of medical equipments.

Answer: With the release of Press Note No.2 (2015 Series) dated January 6, 2015 (''Press Note 2''), the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) addresses the need for a separate FDI framework for medical devices that is independent of regulations governing the pharmaceutical industry.

Devices vis-à-vis Drugs

Although medical devices are inherently different in nature and function from pharmaceuticals, both were being treated at par under previous FDI policies. Ambiguities in the previous FDI Policy arose primarily because the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, has notified certain medical devices and other medical products as 'drugs' under Section 3(b)(iv) of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (''Act'') – their import, manufacture, distribution and sale are accordingly regulated by the Act and Drugs and

Dear students get fully solved assignments

Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :

  Stuffstudy5@gmail.com

or

call us at : 09816280608

STUDENT HANDBOOK (PGDHHM)

Post Graduate Diploma in Hospital & Healthcare Management

2nd Set of Assignments (Modules 6 to 11)

Module 10

Stakeholders in Healthcare Sector

Total: 100 Marks

Answer the following questions. Each question carries 20 marks.

Question. 1. Describe research and development in pharmaceutical industry and discuss golden future of India in pharmaceutical industry.

Answer: The pharmaceutical industry has a number of unusual characteristics that make it very different from what people normally think of as industry. It is also an industry replete with contradictions; for example, despite the undisputed fact that for over a century the industry has made a major contribution to human wellbeing and the reduction of ill health and suffering, it is still regularly identified by the public in opinion surveys as one of the least trusted industries, often being compared unfavourably to the nuclear industry. It is undoubtedly one of the riskiest businesses in which to invest money, yet it is perceived by the

Question. 2. Explain in detail prominent social health insurance schemes in India.

Answer: Social insurance is any government-sponsored program with the following four characteristics:

·       The benefits, eligibility requirements and other aspects of the program are defined by statute;

·       Explicit provision is made to account for

Question. 3. Describe information and communication technology in healthcare sector.

Answer: In its very basic sense, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), refers to the various electronic tools and services that facilitate communication and the sharing of information and knowledge. The unravelling of new technologies has expanded the world of ICT in such a way that our own world seems much smaller, and much more connected than ever before.

Today ICT not only means the call you make to relatives on the other side of the world, or the quick email you send through your mobile phone. ICT is

Question. 4. Describe evolution of NGO'S & types of NGO'S in India.

Answer:

The business-society interface has changed over the last decades of the twenty-first century as disparate interests within civil society have coalesced around an increasingly vocal -and powerful – nongovernmental or “third” sector. Non governmental organizations (NGOs) – the organizational manifestation of this movement -have gained considerable influence in government, business and within broader society. A coherent understanding of NGOs is a necessary precondition for proper consideration not only of their activities and

Question. 5. Write short notes on

a. Ethics in clinical research

Answer: Clinical research ethics are the set of relevant ethics considered in the conduct of a clinical trial in the field of clinical research. It borrows from the broader fields of research ethics and medical ethics.

Governance: Most directly a local institutional review board oversees the clinical research ethics of any given clinical trial. The institutional review board understands and acts according to local and national law. Each countries national law is

b. Legislation and standardization of medical equipments.

Answer: With the release of Press Note No.2 (2015 Series) dated January 6, 2015 (''Press Note 2''), the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) addresses the need for a separate FDI framework for medical devices that is independent of regulations governing the pharmaceutical industry.

Devices vis-à-vis Drugs

Although medical devices are inherently different in nature and function from pharmaceuticals, both were being treated at par under previous FDI policies. Ambiguities in the previous FDI Policy arose primarily because the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, has notified certain medical devices and other medical products as 'drugs' under Section 3(b)(iv) of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (''Act'') – their import, manufacture, distribution and sale are accordingly regulated by the Act and Drugs and

Dear students get fully solved assignments

Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :

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or

call us at : 09816280608

STUDENT HANDBOOK (PGDHHM)

Post Graduate Diploma in Hospital & Healthcare Management

2nd Set of Assignments (Modules 6 to 11)

Module 10

Stakeholders in Healthcare Sector

Total: 100 Marks

Answer the following questions. Each question carries 20 marks.

Question. 1. Describe research and development in pharmaceutical industry and discuss golden future of India in pharmaceutical industry.

Answer: The pharmaceutical industry has a number of unusual characteristics that make it very different from what people normally think of as industry. It is also an industry replete with contradictions; for example, despite the undisputed fact that for over a century the industry has made a major contribution to human wellbeing and the reduction of ill health and suffering, it is still regularly identified by the public in opinion surveys as one of the least trusted industries, often being compared unfavourably to the nuclear industry. It is undoubtedly one of the riskiest businesses in which to invest money, yet it is perceived by the

Question. 2. Explain in detail prominent social health insurance schemes in India.

Answer: Social insurance is any government-sponsored program with the following four characteristics:

·       The benefits, eligibility requirements and other aspects of the program are defined by statute;

·       Explicit provision is made to account for

Question. 3. Describe information and communication technology in healthcare sector.

Answer: In its very basic sense, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), refers to the various electronic tools and services that facilitate communication and the sharing of information and knowledge. The unravelling of new technologies has expanded the world of ICT in such a way that our own world seems much smaller, and much more connected than ever before.

Today ICT not only means the call you make to relatives on the other side of the world, or the quick email you send through your mobile phone. ICT is

Question. 4. Describe evolution of NGO'S & types of NGO'S in India.

Answer:

The business-society interface has changed over the last decades of the twenty-first century as disparate interests within civil society have coalesced around an increasingly vocal -and powerful – nongovernmental or “third” sector. Non governmental organizations (NGOs) – the organizational manifestation of this movement -have gained considerable influence in government, business and within broader society. A coherent understanding of NGOs is a necessary precondition for proper consideration not only of their activities and

Question. 5. Write short notes on

a. Ethics in clinical research

Answer: Clinical research ethics are the set of relevant ethics considered in the conduct of a clinical trial in the field of clinical research. It borrows from the broader fields of research ethics and medical ethics.

Governance: Most directly a local institutional review board oversees the clinical research ethics of any given clinical trial. The institutional review board understands and acts according to local and national law. Each countries national law is

b. Legislation and standardization of medical equipments.

Answer: With the release of Press Note No.2 (2015 Series) dated January 6, 2015 (''Press Note 2''), the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) addresses the need for a separate FDI framework for medical devices that is independent of regulations governing the pharmaceutical industry.

Devices vis-à-vis Drugs

Although medical devices are inherently different in nature and function from pharmaceuticals, both were being treated at par under previous FDI policies. Ambiguities in the previous FDI Policy arose primarily because the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, has notified certain medical devices and other medical products as 'drugs' under Section 3(b)(iv) of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (''Act'') – their import, manufacture, distribution and sale are accordingly regulated by the Act and Drugs and

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Student Handbook (PGDMLS)

Module 9

Medical Jurisprudence

Total: 100 Marks

Answer the following questions:

Question. 1. Write Notes on:

a. Types of Post -mortem

Answer:  An autopsy—also known as a post-mortem examination, necropsy, autopsia cadaverum, or obduction —is a highly specialized surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse to determine the cause and manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present. It is usually performed by a specialized medical doctor called a pathologist.

Autopsies are performed for either legal or medical purposes. For example, a forensic autopsy is carried out when the cause of death may be a criminal matter, while a clinical or academic autopsy is performed to find the medical cause of death and is used in cases of unknown or uncertain death, or for research purposes. Autopsies can be

b. Rules of Post -mortem Examination

Answer: A post-mortem is carried out as soon as possible after the death on behalf of the coroner as part of the investigation to establish the cause of death. It usually takes place within one or two days of the death.

The coroner is only required to inform the relatives of the deceased of the time and place at which the examination is to be made, if the relatives have told the coroner that they wish to be informed. The relatives have the right to be represented at the post-

Question. 2. Write notes on:

a. Brain Stem Death

Answer: Brain stem death is one of the two ways doctors can certify someone, either an adult or a child, as having died. The other is cardiorespiratory death, and is when breathing and circulation has stopped.

b. Time since death

Answer: Providing an estimation of the time elapsed since death is a request almost invariably aimed at forensic specialists summoned to the scene of a death. Despite the fact that there has been an extensive literature on this topic for more than a century, this determination still remains difficult, even for experienced pathologists, and must be undertaken with extreme caution. In particular, the dogmatic application of rules and formulas based upon single and isolated observations (e.g. rectal temperature of the

c. Asphayxia

Answer: Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from abnormal breathing. An example of asphyxia is choking. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which affects primarily the tissues and organs. There are many circumstances that can induce asphyxia, all of which are characterized by an inability of an individual to acquire sufficient oxygen through breathing for an extended period of time. Asphyxia can cause coma or death.

In 2013 about 1.6 million cases of unintentional suffocation occurred. The word asphyxia is from Ancient Greek α- "without" and σφύξις sphyxis

Question. 3. Write note on any three:

a. Classification of Injuries

Answer: Injury is damage to the body. This may be caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and other causes.

Major trauma is injury that has the potential

b. Medicolegal aspects of burns

Answer: The incidence of suicide and homicide is on the increase worldwide, including Pakistan. One million people die annually due to suicides and homicides alone1. Poisoning, hanging and drowning are the major methods of suicide in contrast to blunt trauma, sharp trauma and strangulation are more common in homicide. However deaths due to burns are seen more frequently in both homicide and suicide especially in subcontinent. Combined methods are more common in homicide as compared to suicide. Predominance of male is found in all methods of suicide and homicide, except burning.1,2 Quarrel and revenge were the common precipitating cause/motive for homicide in comparison to chronic illness and mental illness fo

d. Medicolegal aspects of Bomb Explosions

Answer:

Question. 4. Write note on any one:

a. Medical examination of rape victim

Answer:

b. Narcotic substances

                              

Answer: The term narcotic originally referred medically to any psychoactive compound with any sleep-inducing properties. In the United States it has since become associated with opiates and opioids, commonly morphine and heroin, as well derivatives of many of the compounds found within raw opium latex; The primary three are morphine, codeine, and thebaine (while thebaine itself is only very mildly psychoactive, it is a

World Health Organization

Studies on the definition of counterfeit medicines in WHO member states

4. Assessment of the definitions of counterfeit medicines (

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