BT0086, Mobile Computing

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[ Spring 2015 ] ASSIGNMENT

PROGRAM	BSc IT
SEMESTER	FIFTH
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	BT0086, Mobile Computing
CREDITS	4
BK ID	B2067
MAX. MARKS	60

Note: Answer all questions.

Q. 1. Write short notes on:

(a) Frequency modulation (FM): In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency modulation (FM) is the encoding of information in a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous frequency of the wave. (Compare with amplitude modulation, in which the amplitude of the carrier wave varies, while the frequency remains constant.)

In analog signal applications, the difference between the instantaneous and the base frequency of the carrier is directly proportional to the instantaneous value of the input-signal amplitude.

(b) Phase modulation (PM): Phase modulation (PM) is a modulation pattern that encodes information as variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave.Phase modulation is widely used for transmitting radio waves and is an integral part of many digital transmission coding schemes that underlie a wide range of technologies like WiFi, GSM and satellite television.PM is used for signal and waveform generation in digital synthesizers, such as the Yamaha DX7 to implement FM synthesis. A

Q. 2. What is near and far effect problem in wireless communication? Explain in brief.

Answer: The near-far problem or hearability problem is a situation that is common in wireless communication systems, in particular, CDMA. In some signal jamming techniques, the near-far problem is exploited to disrupt communications. The near-far problem is a condition in which a receiver captures a strong signal and thereby makes it impossible for the receiver to detect a weaker signal. The near-far problem is particularly difficult in CDMA systems, where transmitters share transmission frequencies and transmission time. By contrast, FDMA and TDMA systems are less vulnerable.

Q. 3. Explain about the Operation Sub System (OSS) of GSM system.

Answer:The operations and maintenance center (OMC) is connected to all equipment in the switching system and to the BSC. The implementation of OMC is called the operation and support system (OSS).

Here are some of the OMC functions:

·         Administration and commercial operation (subscription, end terminals, charging and statistics).

·         Security Management.

Q. 4. Explain Hard handover and Soft handover in UMTS.

Answer:The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third generation mobile cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard. Developed and maintained by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), UMTS is a component of the International Telecommunications Union IMT-2000 standard set and compares with the CDMA2000 standard set for networks based on the competing cdmaOne technology. UMTS uses wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) radio access technology to offer greater spectral efficiency and bandwidth to mobile network operators.UMTS specifies

Q. 5.List the advantages and disadvantages of Infra-red technology.

Answer:As next-generation electronic information systems evolve, it is critical that all people have access to the information available via these systems. Examples of developing and future information systems include interactive television, touchscreen-based information kiosks, and advanced Internet programs. Infrared technology, increasingly present in mainstream applications, holds great potential for enabling people with a variety of disabilities to access a growing list of information resources. Already commonly used

Q. 6. Write short notes on:

(a) HiCoMo: High Commit Mobile Transaction Model:

HiCoMo's are analyzed and several base (fixed network) transactions are generated in order to bring the same effect upon the base tables from which the aggregates are derived. In this paper, we provide a formal definition for the concepts related to HiCoMo's, and a transformation algorithm that is used to analyze them and generate base transactions.

(b) Kangaroo mobile transaction model:

Unlike distributed transactions, mobile transactions do not originate and end at the same site. The implication of the movement of such transactions is that classical atomicity, concurrency and recovery solutions must be revisited to capture the movement behavior. As an effort in this direction, we define a model of mobile

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