BT0066-Database Management Systems

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Assignment

PROGRAM	B.Sc IT
SEMESTER	FIRST
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	BT0066-Database Management Systems
CREDIT	3
BK ID	B0950
MAX.MARKS	60

Note – Answer all questions. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.

Q1. Explain entity and attributes in E-R diagram. Explain the importance of E-R diagram.

Answer: - Entity in E-R diagram:- An entity is something that exists in itself, actually or hypothetically. It need not be of material existence. In particular, abstractions and legal fictions are usually regarded as entities. In general, there is also no presumption that an entity is animate.

Sometimes, the word entity is used in a general sense of a being, whether or not the referent has material existence, e.g., is often referred to as an

Q2. Why relational data model is important? Explain the terms relation and tuple.

Answer:- Important of Relational data model:-  The relational model for database management is a database model based on first-order predicate logic, first formulated and proposed in 1969 by Edgar F. Code. In the relational model of a database, all data is represented in terms of tuples, grouped into relations. A database organized in terms of the relational model is a relational database.

Diagram of an example database according to the

Q.3 What is the system catalog in RDBMS? Also explain what information is stored in the system catalog.

Answer:- system catalog in RDBMS: The database catalog of a database instance consists of metadata in which definitions of database objects such as base tables, views (virtual tables), synonyms, value ranges, indexes, users, and user groups are stored.[1][2]

The SQL standard specifies a uniform means to access the

Q.4  Explain semantics of TRC queries with examples.

Answer:- semantics of TRC queries:- Tuple calculus is a calculus that was introduced by Edgar F. Codd as part of the relational model, in order to provide a declarative database-query language for this data model. It formed the inspiration for the database-query languages QUEL and SQL, of which the latter, although far less faithful to the original relational model and calculus, is now the de-facto-standard database-query language; a dialect of SQL is used by nearly every relational-database-management system. Lacroix and Pirotte proposed domain

5. Explain data fragmentation with an example.

ANSWER : Data fragmentation occurs when a collection of data in memory is broken up into many pieces that are not close together. It is typically the result of attempting to insert a large object into storage that has already suffered external fragmentation.

For example, files in a file system are usually managed in units called blocks or clusters. When a file system is created, there is free space to store file

6. Describe the approaches for incorporating object orientation capabilities in databases.

ANSWER : Computer sciences has gone through several generation of database management starting with indexed files and later, network and hierarchical data base management systems (DBMS).More recently, relational DBMS revolutionised the industry by providing powerful data management capabilities based on few simple concepts. Now, we are on the verge of another generation of database system called Object oriented DBMS based on

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