BT0072 COMPUTER NETWORKS

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ASSIGNMENT

PROGRAM	BSc IT
SEMESTER	SECOND
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	BT0072 COMPUTER NETWORKS
CREDIT	4
BK ID	B0954
MAX.MARKS	60

1 What is OSI model? Explain all its layers with diagram.

Answer : The OSI, or Open System Interconnection, model defines a networking framework to implement protocols in seven layers. Control is passed from one layer to the next, starting at the application layer in one station, and proceeding to the bottom layer, over the channel to the next station and back up the hierarchy.

There's really nothing to the OSI model. In fact, it's not even tangible. The OSI model doesn't do any functions in the networking process, It is a conceptual framework so we can better understand complex interactions that are happening. The OSI

2 Write a short note on ALOHA protocols.

Answer : ALOHA is a system for coordinating and arbitrating access to a shared communication Networks channel. It was developed in the 1970s by Norman Abramson and his colleagues at the University of Hawaii. The original system used for ground based radio broadcasting, but the system has been implemented in satellite communication systems.

A shared communication system like ALOHA requires

3 What is the function of data link layer? Explain the services of the data link layer.

Answer : Data link layer is the second layer in OSI reference model and lies above the physical layer. The data link layer performs the following functions.

1. Data link layer receives the data from the network layer & divide it into manageable units called frames.

2. It then provides the addressing information by adding header to each frame. Physical addresses of source & destination machines are added to each frame.

4 Explain Shortest Path routing Algorithm.

Answer : Shortest path can be calculated only for the weighted graphs. The edges connecting two vertices can be assigned a nonnegative real number, called the weight of the edge. A graph with such weighted edges is called a weighted graph.

 Let G be a weighted graph. Let u and v be two vertices in G, and let P be a path in G from u to v. The weight of the path P is the sum of the weights of all the edges on the path P, which is also called the weight of v from u via P.

5 Discuss any two design issues of Session Layer.

Answer : Design Issues of Session Layer:- 

The session layer is level five of the seven level OSI model. It responds to service requests from the presentation layer and issues service requests to the transport layer.

The session layer provides the mechanism for opening, closing and managing a session between end-user application processes, i.e. a semi-permanent dialogue. Communication sessions consist of requests and responses that occur between applications

6. Describe the structure of the DNS namespace on the Internet.

Answer: The naming system on which DNS is based is a hierarchical and logical tree structure called the domain namespace . Organizations can also create private networks that are not visible on the Internet, using their own domain namespaces. Figure 5.1 shows part of the Internet domain namespace, from the root domain and top-level Internet

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