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AEREN FOUNDATION’S Maharashtra
Govt. Reg. No.: F-11724
SUBJECT:- PETROLEUM MANAGEMENT
MARKS :80
A) All questions
carry equal marks.
1. Write a detailed analysis of Petroleum Industry in India.
The oil and gas sector is one of
the six core industries in India. It is of strategic importance and plays a
pivotal role in influencing decisions across other important spheres of the
economy.
In 1997–98, the New Exploration
Licensing Policy (NELP) was envisioned to deal with the ever-growing gap between
demand and supply of gas in India. As per a recent report, the oil and gas
industry in India is anticipated to be worth US$ 139,814.7 million by 2015.
With India’s economic growth closely linked to energy demand, the
2. Explain evaluation of Petroleum over the years.
Answer: In petroleum exploration and development,
formation evaluation is used to determine the ability of a borehole to produce
petroleum. Essentially, it is the process of "recognizing a commercial
well when you drill one".
Modern rotary drilling usually
uses a heavy mud as a lubricant and as a means of producing a confining
pressure against the formation face in the borehole, preventing blowouts. Only
in rare and catastrophic cases, do oil and gas wells come in with a fountain of
gushing oil. In real life, that is a blowout—and usually also a financial and
environmental disaster. But controlling blowouts has drawbacks—mud filtrate
soaks into the formation
3. Explain the process of distillation of Petroleum.
Answer: A petroleum refinery is an installation that
manufactures finished petroleum products from crude oil, unfinished oils,
natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, and alcohol. Refined petroleum
products include but are not limited to gasolines, kerosene, distillate fuel
oils (including No. 2 fuel oil), liquefied petroleum gas, asphalt, lubricating
oils, diesel fuels, and residual fuels.
Simple Distillation
The core refining process is
simple distillation (Figure 1). Because crude oil is made up of a mixture of
hydrocarbons, this first and basic refining process is aimed at separating the
crude oil into its "fractions," the broad categories of its component
hydrocarbons. Crude oil is heated and put into a still—a distillation
column—and different products boil off and can be recovered at different
temperatures. The lighter products—liquid
4. Which are the different thermal properties of Petroleum fractions?
Answer: Petroleum, in one form or another, has been
used since ancient times, and is now important across society, including in
economy, politics and technology. The rise in importance was due to the
invention of the internal combustion engine, the rise in commercial aviation,
and the importance of petroleum to industrial organic chemistry, particularly
the synthesis of plastics, fertilizers, solvents, adhesives and pesticides.
In its strictest sense, petroleum
includes only crude oil, but in common usage it includes all liquid, gaseous,
and solid hydrocarbons. Under surface pressure and temperature conditions,
lighter hydrocarbons methane, ethane, propane and butane
5. What is blending of Gasolines ?
Answer: To better understand the need for gasoline
blending, it helps to understand the basic workings of your car's engine:
1. Gasoline
vapor mixes with air in the cylinder chamber.
2. The
cylinder compresses the air/gasoline mixture.
3. The
spark plug fires when the cylinder achieves maximum compression, which ignites
air/gasoline mixture.
4. The
force of the combustion pushes the cylinder down, which turns the drive shaft,
generating useable power.
5.
The byproducts of combustion are let out of
the chamber when the cylinder is in its down cycle.
6. Explain theory of catalytic reforming.
Answer: Catalytic
reforming
Catalytic reforming is a chemical
process used to convert petroleum refinery naphthas distilled from crude oil
(typically having low octane ratings) into high-octane liquid products called
reformates, which are premium blending stocks for high-octane gasoline. The
process converts low-octane linear hydrocarbons (paraffins) into branched alkanes
(isoparaffins) and cyclic naphthenes, which are then partially dehydrogenated
to produce high-octane aromatic hydrocarbons. The dehydrogenation also produces
significant amounts of byproduct hydrogen gas, which is fed into other refinery
processes such as hydrocracking. A side reaction is hydrogenolysis,
7. What is air blowing of bitumen?
Answer:
Asphaltic bitumen, normally called "bitumen" is obtained by vacuum
distillation or vacuum flashing of an atmospheric residue. This is "
straight run" bitumen. An alternative method of bitumen production is by
precipitation from residual fractions by propane or butane- solvent
deasphalting.The bitumen thus obtained has properties which derive from the
type of crude oil processed and from the mode of operation in the vacuum unit
or in the solvent deasphalting unit. The grade of the bitumen depends on the
amount of volatile material that remains in the product: the smaller the amount
of volatiles, the harder the
8. Explain in detail about reserves & deposit of the world with reference
to petroleum Industry.
Answer: Petroleum reserves are any quantity of
petroleum that is commercially recoverable. In order to be considered a
reserve, a given deposit of petroleum must satisfy four criteria:
·
Discovered through an exploratory well. In other
words, drilling must be performed to prove recoverability.
·
Must be recoverable using existing technology
·
Must be commercially viable, meaning the
petroleum can be extracted at a profit and not a loss
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