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AEREN
FOUNDATION’S Maharashtra Govt. Reg.
No.: F-11724
Case Study Project
Total Marks: 80
SUBJECT :INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
Case 1
(20 Marks)
Question.1.(a) What was the critical
catalyst that led Kodak to start taking the Japanese market seriously?
Answer:Until early 1980s when Fuji launched an aggressive export drive,
attacking Kodak in the north American and European markets.Kodak started
selling photographic equipment on Japan 1889 and by the 1930s it had a dominant
position in the Japanese market. But after World War II, U.S occupation forces
persuaded most U.S companies including Kodak to leave Japan to give the war
torn local industry a chance to recover. Kodak was effectively priced out of
the market by tariff barriers; over the next 35 years Fuji gained 70% share of
the market while Kodak saw its share slip to miserable 5%. During this period
Kodak limited much of its
Question.1.(b) From the evidence given in
the case do you think Kodak’s charges of unfair trading practices against
Fujiare valid? Support your answer.
Answer:The charges were very valid. The Japanese government helped to create a ‘profile
sanctuary’ for Fuji in Japan by systematically denying Kodak access to Japanese
distribution channels for consumer film and paper. Kodak claims Fuji has
effectively shut Kodak products out of four distributors that have a 70% share
of the photo distribution market. Fuji has an equity position in two of the
distributors, gives large year –end relates and cash payments to all four
distributors as a reward for their loyalty to Fuji, and owns stakes in the
banks that finance them. Kodak also claims that Fuji uses similar tactics to
control 430 wholesale photo furnishing labs in Japan to which it is the
exclusive supplier. Moreover Kodak’s petition claims that the Japanese
government has actively encourages these practices
In 2005, Kodak Canada donated its entire
historic company archives to Ryerson University in Toronto. The Ryerson
University Library also acquired an extensive collection of materials on the
history of photography from the private collection of Nicholas M. & Marilyn
A. Graver of Rochester, New York. The Kodak Archives, begun in 1909, contain
Case 2
(20 Marks)
Questions:
Question.1.Which company is truly
Multinational? Why?
Answer:Two Senior executives of world’s largest firms with extensive holdings
outside the home country speak.
Company A: “We are a multinational firm. We
distribute our products in about 100 countries. We manufacture in over 17
countries and do research and development in three countries. We look at all
new investment projects both domestic and overseas using exactly the same
criteria”.
The execution from company A continues, “ of
course the most of the key ports in our subsidiaries are held by home country
nationals. Whenever replacements for these men are sought, it is the practice,
if not the policy, to look next to you
Question.2. List three differences between
Company, Multi National company and Trans Multi National Company?
Answer:The executive from Company B goes on to explain, “the worldwide Product
division concept is rather difficult to implement. The senior
executivesincharge of this divisions have little overseas experience. They have
been promoted from domestic ports and tend to view foreign consumers needs as
really basically the same as ours. Also, product division executives tend to
focus on domestic market, because it generates more revenue than foreign market.
The rewards are for global performance, but strategy is to focus on domestic.
We tend to read the following terms and think
they refer to any company doing business in anothercountry.
Case 3
(20 Marks)
Strategic R & D by TNCs
in Developing Countries
Questions:
Question.1. (a) Explain why MNCs have
located R & D centres in developing countries?
Answer:TNCs have had long units in developing host countries for adapting
products and processes to the local conditions, and in a few cases, to products
for local markets. Since the min-1980s, however, they have also started
locating strategic R & D centres in some developing countries, for
developing generic technologies and products for regional or global markets.
The main incentives for this are : (a) access to highly qualified scientists as
shortages of research personnel emerge in certain fields in industrialised
countries, (b) Cost differentials in research salaries between developing and
industrialised countries, and (c) rationalisation of operations, assigning
particular affiliates the responsibility for developing, manufacturing, and
marketing particular products worldwide. Th new trends are more visible in
industries dealing
Question.1. (b) Mention the areas where R
& D activities can easily be decentralised.
Answer:Research and Development (R&D), also known in Europe as research and
technical (or technological) development (RTD), is a general term for
activities in connection with corporate or governmental innovation. R&D is
a component of Innovation and is situated at the front end of the Innovation
lifecycle. Innovation builds on R&D and includes commercialization phases.
The activities that are classified as R&D differ from company to company,
but there are two primary models, with an R&D department being either
staffed by engineers and tasked with directly developing new products, or
staffed with industrial scientists and tasked with applied research in
scientific or technological fields which may facilitate future
Case 4
(20 Marks)
Question.1.VK Ltd a multi-product Company, furnishes you the following data relating
to the year 2000.
First Half of the year Second Half of the year
Sales Rs. 45,000 Rs. 50,000
Total
Cost Rs. 40,000 Rs. 43,000
Assuming
that there is no change in prices and variable costs and that the fixed
expenses are incurred equally in the two half years periods calculate for the
year 2000.
1.
The Profit Volume ration
2.
Fixed Expenses
3.
Break-Even Sales
4.
Percentage of margin of safety.
5
Marks each
Answer:VARIABEL COST 27000
30000 57000
FIXED
COST 13000 13000
26000
40000 43000 83000
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